3D Printing Houses for Utopia

3D Printing Houses for Utopia 3D Printing Houses for Utopia 3D Printing Houses for UtopiaLast year, the Italian 3D printer company WASP unveiled the worlds largest 3D printer. Its a giant hexagonal tower 40 feet high and 20 feet wide. The size of the machine, which is called Big Delta, wasnt an attempt to get into the Guinness book of world recordsit was more an attempt to get to utopia (WASP stands for Worlds Advanced Saving Project). The printer is made to build homes, in whatever far-flung places might need them, cheaply and of the material found there.No one has ever printed earth and strawwith this first living module we want to prove, even to ourselves, that you can do it.Maurizio Andreoli,WASPs spokesmanWhat we are doing is an experiment that is somewhat extreme, says Maurizio Andreoli, WASPs spokesman. No one has ever printed earth and straw. With this first living module we want to prove, even to ourselves, that you can do it.They are currently proving just that.In a commune called Massa Lombarda, in Italys province of Ravenna, they have begun building in their Technological Village, dubbed Shamballa. They now have produced a wall the height of an average-sized person.The mixture of dirt and straw is light and strong. Image WASPAccording to WASP, its extruder turns dirt and straw that are combined with a mixer and a motorized hoe into a fiber-reinforced material like a composite. The group claims, using its technology, Two men can build a refuge in a week. And that refuge neednt be box-like, utilitarian, and boring. Walls can curve and undulate, homes can be free of corners, so the worlds neediest may end up in the most cutting edge architecture. The shanty towns of the future may be a bit funkier than their predecessors.Their current wall, a rising cylinder that looks as if its been stretched on a potters wheel, is made of two layers bolstered by wavy or zig-zagging lines inside. Beause it is hollow, it could be filled with insulation or some kind of ventilation system. But this first prototype wont be for living in. WASP plans to tear it down and use the fibrous material for building new structures.A BigDeltaWASP 3D printer. Image WASPWASP isnt the only firm trying to print homes or homelike structures. Berkeley Khoshneviss Contour Crafting has been laying down walls for some time. And researchers at the Netherlands Eindhoven University have been printing some groovy structures with their concrete printer. But the people behind WASP may be the most idealistic. They dont patent their inventions, and they invite anyone who wants to contribute to come help them build in Shamballa. They hope Big Delta will eventually be able to help create the 100,000 new homes a day that the UN has said will be needed throughout the world over the next 15 years.Once the prototype is done, we are going to start a very intense studio work on other materials, but always in the direction of sustainabilityenvironmentally and economically, says Andreoli .Michael Abrams is an independent writer.Learn more about the latest technologies in 3D printing at ASMEs AM3D Conference Expo.

3-D Printing Vet Terry Wohlers Sees Endless Opportunities

3-D Printing Vet Terry Wohlers Sees Endless Opportunities 3-D Printing Vet Terry Wohlers Sees Endless Opportunities 3-D Printing Vet Terry Wohlers Sees Endless Opportunities Terry Wohlers welches there before additive manufacturing was an established industry. He began developing 3-D printed parts 30 years ago, when the technology was still untested. Wohlers, now president of Wohlers Associates, has written more than 420 books, articles, and technical papers, and delivered 150 keynote presentations on five continents. This year marks the 23rd anniversary of his Wohlers Report, which provides an in-depth analysis of the global additive manufacturing industry. Alan Brown, Mechanical Engineering magazines senior editor, recently caught up with Wohlers.ME You were one the worlds first AM consultants. What got you interested in additive manufacturing? T.W I started Wohlers Associates as a CAD consultant in 1986 and quickly stumbled across 3-D printing. I contacted 3D Systems, and they sen t me a full-scale distributor cap, back in the days when cars had those. I was just astounded, and I thought Wow, if this is really possible, it could be as big as CAD and a perfect complement to solid modeling.Terry Wohlers sees additive manufacturing helping small manufacturers and simplifying various supply bases.ME Then what happened? T.W I started working with the worlds largest manufacturer of in-ear hearing aids to konzeption and manufacture custom-fit devices. They sent me to events. I was like a sponge, soaking it all up and meeting people. One thing led to another, and eventually I was spending almost all my time in additive manufacturing.For You Additive Manufacturing Requires Different ApproachME That was 25 years ago. Whats the biggest change since then? T.W Additive manufacturing is finally getting the respect it deserves. And with that comes investment. Were seeing incredible amounts of money being spent on this technology, such as Strykers $400-million AM manufacturi ng facility.ME There is a lot of interest in metal AM. Whats going on there? T.W Metal is smoking hot today. There are many new vendors. Where companies previously bought one, two, or three machines to qualify processes, they are now buying five, 10, or 20 machines to go into production.ME Are the economics changing? T.W The prices are being driven down, and they need to be. You can afford to pay $250 per kilogram for materials to get prototypes right, because thats where changes are least expensive in the design cycle. When you get into production, its a whole different animal. Your costs must be closer to conventional materials and processes. This issue is being addressed, but it will take time.ME Are engineers taking true advantage of AMs flexibility? T.W Engineers who used AM for prototyping didnt really change their designs because they still had to produce them on conventional equipment. To use 3-D printing effectively and affordably, you need to design differently. For exampl e, you can consolidate many parts into one, or optimize a parts topology to increase its strength-to-weight ratio. These are new ways of thinking, and were just beginning to scratch the surface.ME To gain widespread acceptance, new technologies must turn peoples heads. Has 3-D printing done that? T.W GE did it with the nozzle system for its LEAP engine. That was a real milestone, a critical part that cannot fail. Boeing, Airbus, and Stryker are also great examples. Companies can look at them and say, Hey, we can do that, too. But cost remains an issue. When volumes are low and part value is high, it is easier to build a business case around AM.ME Do you believe AM can transform industry? T.W It has the ability to disrupt the supply chain almost entirely. When you consolidate 500 parts down to 10, you can imagine how that might impact your material suppliers, your part vendors, and the people that assemble and test your products. It introduces the possibility of doing more local manu facturing and really simplifying the supply base and making things much faster and more economically.ME What do you think will be making news in five years? T.W I hope costs improve to the point where major automobile companies are adopting this technology in a big way for production.Read More Additive Manufacturing Transform Supply Chain Protecting a New World of 3D-Printed Products New 3D Printer Extruder Takes Manufacturing to Next Level For Further Discussion To use 3-D printing effectively and affordably, you need to design differently.Terry Wohlers

Customize this Golf Course Superintendent Resume

Customize this meerbusen Course Superintendent ResumeCustomize this Golf Course Superintendent ResumeWith a well-written resume, youre able to present your skills and work history in a way thats appealing to a hiring manager. By using a professional format that highlights your jobs and achievements, you can put yourself in a prime position to get the interview for the job you want.Your resume as a golf course superintendent should show off not only your deep knowledge of the game of golf but also your administrative and leadership skills. Explain how youve helped the previous courses and clubs youve worked at to thrive by protecting the physical environment and by managing the course crews.Take a look at the golf course superintendent resume below to get clues on how to present your own education, experience, and skills. Create this Resume Herbert Gonzales2534 Roguski RoadShreveport, LA 71101(666)-432-5856h.gonzalestmail.comObjectiveCareer oriented Golf Course Superintendent with pa ssion to join a well known golf course offering exceptional career opportunity,Summary of QualificationsWorking knowledge of golf facility construction principles, practices, and methodsThorough knowledge and understanding of the rules and strategies of the game of golfExcellent leadership, interpersonal, and administrative skillsHighly flexible skillsPhysically fitProfessional ExperienceGolf Course Superintendent, January 2007- PresentClubcorp Inc., Snellville, GA ResponsibilitiesProvided and furnished agronomic direction for the healthy growth of the golf course grasses, tress, and wetlands. Supervised and oversaw the application and recording of chemical applications on the Clubs ground in compliance with all local, state, and federal regulations. Supervised the safety and maintenance of gold course mechanical equipment. Planned and budgeted for additional or replacement capital equipment. Controlled all expenses associated with golf course operations. Assistant Golf Course Super intendent, May 2004- December 2006Old Castle, Tucson, AZ ResponsibilitiesAssisted and helped the superintendent in the planning and maintenance of the golf course at all times. Instructed and directed staff in proper equipment use and work methods to ensure safety standards. Inspected and monitored the golf course and maintained grow-in of the course. Collaborated and worked closely with the superintendent to ensure proper construction and maintenance methods are being adhered to. Assisted and helped in the planning of all maintenance and project work and delegated duties to staff. EducationBachelors Degree in Turf Management, 2004Yale UniversityAssociate Degree in Turf Management, 2002Yale University Customize ResumeMore Sample ResumesGeotechnical Engineer Resume Glazier Resume Global Sourcing Manager Resume Golf Course Superintendent Resume Guest Relations Resume

How to Find a Company Thats Right for You (and Work Happily Ever After)

How to Find a Company Thats Right for You (and Work Happily Ever After)How to Find a Company Thats Right for You (and Work Happily Ever After)Are you seeking employment in some of the most competitive fields around like finance, investment banking or consulting?No one really feels enamorad with spending countless hours researching and digging up potential employers just to find out the openings are not their cup of coffee. There are dozens of different companies that may look alike but often represent very different work environments. Its too easy to get lost in a seemingly infinite pool of job postings.But if you do your homework on your potential employer first, it will help you get much closer to landing a job - and save your time, too.In fact, a fewhours of systematic research can make all the difference. To make this process effective, you need a smart and systematic process that will help you target key employers that will be most likely to hire you.1. Reconsider your job sear ching methodWhen youre searching for a job, some experts will tell you to cast a wide net. The more places you apply to, the more positive responses youll get, right? Well, not quite. Youre just scratching the surface.Heres how things really work The more companies you will try to apply to, the less effort youll be able to put into each one.The advantage can easily turn into a disadvantage, eventually crippling your chances of scoring a job.So dont waste time by sending off dozens of generic resumes to employers that you dont really want to work for. Theres no point in that. If you want to succeed, you simply need to know what youre doing in every single step of the job searching process.2. Create a list of employersOne of the hardest parts of the job search is creating the list of possible employers you want and need to reach. Yet, its all about prioritisation - knowing what you want from your future employer and reflecting that in your job search.Sit down and think of all potenti al employers. Identify your chosen career field. Then identify companies you already know about and would like to work at. You can use search engines like Google or Bing to broaden your list. Once you have a specific field youd like to work in, google aTop 50orTop 100 list to work from. If its necessary, you can target this initial list by geographic region, type of contract or other factors that pertain to your situation.Sift down through the list, choosing only the relevant companies, and put at least 20 names on your list.3. Research the target companiesBefore you apply, try to zoom in at individual companies and see what you can learn. Here are just a couple of company evaluation websites you shouldnt definitely miss out onFortune Fortunes list of 100 Best Companies to Work For is a valuable resource for anyone wishing to do more than just scratch the surface. You can filter companies by salary, a number of perks or the amount of paid time off. The website also offers focused li sts such as 50 Best Workplaces for Parents, Women or Millennials.Glassdoor Its never been easier to find out information about a company before you apply. Glassdoor is an incredible resource where employees can leave anonymous information about their salary, benefits, opinions of their employers, and plenty more. Also, dont forget to check out the list of Glassdoor.coms Best Places to Work,you can even filter by the city or size of the company.Inc. 5000 the 5,000 fastest-growing companies in the USA, measured by the three-year revenue growth rate. If you want to work for a company thats slightly smaller - but not too small - check this website out.Vault Find out what its really like to work within an industry, company, or profession, and how to position yourself to start, advance, or change your career. The website offers a plethora of rankings, ratings, and reviews on thousands of top employers and hundreds of internship programs.Forbes Global 2000 A list of the worlds largest c ompanies, by total annual sales, updated every year. The website also features specialised lists with Best Employers for New Grads, Diversity or Women.Company websites Last but not least, dont overlook the importance of a companys website. It might seem banal, but this is a great starting point where you can find a directory of the people youll work with or those youll be applying to. And knowing who you will have the pleasure to deal with can help you better craft your resume, too.4. Use the power of social mediaSocial media has many functions, but few know how to use them to score a job they want. Remember, companies are made up of people and so are social media. Its a world of its own, perfectly apt for networking as well as some in-depth research. Anyone who means something in the business world is there, recruiters are lurking around the ecksto and almost every adult person equals an employee that can be willing to share some information.Dont hesitate to use this to your advant age. Reaching out, making connections, and being a little more persistent is sure to give you an edge in your job search. Heres how to go about itLinkedIn The professional network is a great tool to review company pages and find potential alumni or other valuable connections. Go to the company employee list and search using the name of your college or university. No luck? Try entering your high school or the name of your hometown.Needless to say, its far easier to strike up a conversation once you find someone with a common ground. So make sure to click the 3rd-degree connection button to reach the largest number of individuals within a given company who share a connection with you. Facebook, Twitter, etc. Some career experts dont see any value in popular social media platforms for job searching. Yet theres a wealth of information online and youd be a fool not to capitalise on that.Honestly, you simply never know whats going to get you a foot in the door. Getting in touch with peopl e who work for your target company is a great way to break the ice. After a while, youll be able to ask specific questions and start garnering that much-desired intel.5.Gauge your motivationNow that youve done your homework, look into yourself to see how motivated you are about each company on your list. Do this from a gut perspective rather than research. Trust your feelings. Rank each company from 10 (reading as Holy mackerel I am absolutely thrilled to work at this place) to 1 (meaning Meh, Im not really interested ).By doing this, youll have a pretty accurate picture of the employers that turn you on compared to those that leave you cold.6. Find the openingsNow its time to head over to Indeed, general job search boards and other niche boards to see which companies on your list have openings at the present time. If theres an open listing, thats fantastic. But dont feel disappointed if a companys not hiring at the moment. You dont always need to wait for a job opening. Let them kn ow youre interested, they may get back to you with good news in a few months time - or even weeks, who knows?The worst thing you can do for your career chances is to give up before you ask. Dont count yourself out until someone at the company says no first. Here are a couple of situations that require smart thinkingProblem?The job is only listed for certain cities.Solution Apply anyway. Ask if remote work is an option.Problem You only have four out of five qualifications required for the job.Solution Apply anyway. Ask if you can learn the rest on the job.Problem Its a part-time job only.Solution Apply anyway. Ask if theres a chance of transforming it into a full-time contract in the future.7. Tailor your resumeSo once you have a handful of jobs right in front of you, youre able to craft an impressive and highly relevant resume. Your resume can actually be the real game-changer if you let it do its magic.There are several ways to achieve this. Demonstrate your achievements, feature situations that highlight your skill set and include your portfolio. Portray yourself as a well-rounded individual that is ready to embrace the spirit of the new workplace as soon as he walks in.Still, dont shy away from consulting our ultimatestep-by-step resume guide any time you feel like it.Ready for new adventures?When it comes to changing jobs, being cautious and choosy pays off. The company youll work for will have a tremendous impact on your professional growth.Take control of your own career path. Prevent yourself from closing a contract youll regret a couple of weeks later. In other words, dont miss the chance to carefully target your future employer.Through using your time to research the companies youre thinking to apply to, you will not only improve your chances of scoring the job. Youll also know more about the place youre heading and aboutthe future youre choosing for yourself.Share Your Feedback or Ideas in the Comments

Risks, Rewards of Working for a Pre-IPO Company

Risks, Rewards of Working for a Pre-IPO CompanyRisks, Rewards of Working for a Pre-IPO CompanyAre you thinking about signing on with a company before its initial public offering? Many senior-level financial professionals prefer the security of working for a mora established organization. But to others, joining a startup and building it from the ground up is an exciting prospect.Before you take the leap, however, its important to weigh the potential risks and rewards of making such a move to a pre-IPO company. Here are a few to consider.Risk Cash flow issuesMany startups are laser-focused on building their product or service. As a result, they often fail to raise enough capital for marketing their vision to investors and launching their brand. Consequently, they run out of money and stall out not long after launch.Pre-IPOs are also much more likely to have cash flow issues than more established companies - which obviously creates headaches for financial executives.Reward A potentiall y significant financial returnIf you join a startup in its earliest phases, and the company takes off, you could benefit financially. Professionals who work for successful startups often enjoy accelerated professional growth, an attractive salary, generous bonuses, profit sharing and other compelling incentives.Download your free copy of the 2018 Robert Half Salary Guide to determine the type of salary you might expect.The potential rewards are even greater if you own stock in the company. If the business has a successful IPO - or is acquired by another company - the financial upside you experience could be sizable, depending on your stake in the business.Risk High failure rateAccording to Harvard Business School research, three in four startups fail. So you may want to keep your executive-level resume handy and the contacts in your professional network on speed dial just in case things dont turn out the way you hope.Reward Priceless experienceAs a CFO or other senior-level financ ial professional at a startup, youll gain a wealth of wide-ranging, hands-on experience. So even if the startup doesnt take off, the experience you gain will make you highly marketable and attractive to other companies - benefiting your long-term career.If the startup does take off, you may end up helping the business prepare for an IPO, a huge resume-builder for a financial executive.Risk Long hours for little payYou might be able to choose the hours you work to prepare for a pre-IPO road show, but those hours will almost inevitably be long.Also, many startups cannot afford to offer a competitive salary in their early years, because theyre sinking all their revenue into product development or marketing. You may have to settle for being paid in stock or a combination of salary and stock. And if the pre-IPO does offer a salary, you may not receive paychecks on time - if at all.Reward FlexibilityStartup environments are fluid, which means you might have the opportunity (and big resp onsibility) of determining your own job title and description.Working conditions can also be more relaxed, and you may be more likely to be able to set your own schedule and have the option to work from home.Ready to fasten your seat belt?While there are certainly risks involved in working for a startup, helping to build a business from the ground up and getting it ready for a public offering is an extraordinary career-building adventure for any financial executive.If youre not yet prepared to commit to a journey filled with uncertain outcomes, consider working for a pre-IPO company as a consultant. Startups are often in great need of skilled financial talent - including interim CFOs and other senior executives - to help guide them through the process of preparing for an IPO.Read 5 Things That Might Surprise You About Being a Financial Consultant.SEARCH CONSULTING JOBS

Top How to Write a Functional Resumes Reviews!

Top How to Write a Functional Resumes Reviews How to Write a Functional Resumes Fundamentals Explained Speak To Others Consult professionals that are already in your selected field, because they are the very best source of insight and knowledge into the career youre planning to pursue. There are various healthcare facilities that need IT people too. These types of resumes are well suited for folks who have gaps in their employment histories or are new to a specific industry. There are a couple of factors you have to think about. Youll observe that even the very best functional resume will damage your odds of getting hired. You should say that the functional resume can be a game changer for certain groups of individuals. If you dont have sufficient work experience, you should earn a functional resume instead of a chronological one. If you need assistance crafting the great functional resume for your job-seeking wants, contact us for more info. A functional resume is a gr eat alternative for men and women who have gaps in their professional experience. A functional resume ought to be utilized in numerous kinds of situations. A functional resume is a kind of resume format which allows you to emphasize your precise job skills and abilities while downplaying any weaknesses you might have in work history. Irrespective of the reason, a functional resume is a good fit for everyone whod love to organize their work history a little differently. What Does How to Write a Functional Resumes Mean? Learning how to pick the perfect formats for resumes might be important portion of the resume writing process. As previously mentioned, you wish to select a resume format thats suited to your personal profile. When you have the format, you can choose on the layout. Another popular resume format is called the functional format. The Dos and Donts of How to Write a Functional Resumes In the following article, you will learn all you need to understand about writ ing a functional resume. There are a lot of stylistic facts to consider during the writing process. Look to the work description for cues about what things to emphasize here. You need to use a chronological resume whenever you have extensive work history thats regarding the job youre applying for. The truth is that its tricky to place somebody into one definitive category. The people you know may be the very people that may put in a great word for you or to supply you with advice as to what you need to do or what industry you should have into. Based on your work history, you might want to think about employing a functional resume. A good example of a functional resume. What Does How to Write a Functional Resumes Mean? Recruiters and interviewers prefer this format, so if you dont have a reason behind using a functional resume, decide on a chronological one. Any managerial abilities and technical skills will certainly help out as well. You may also see Teacher Resumes. The skills summary is easily the most important portion of writing a functional resume. Very clear and descriptive, the qualifications summary is excellent if youre applying for employment that asks for quite a particular set of skills. Your professional experience has become the most important portion of your resume. Being in the 21st century, technical skills can definitely be helpful in almost every kind of career you may opt to switch to. Just take the opportunity to come up with a strong functional resume. Or, if youre short on time, our builder is a surefire approach to accelerate the procedure. Also important to keep in mind is to pay attention to verb tense. Because you wish to provide a great deal of attention to both, you might not have much room left for different sections, including a resume summary, volunteer work, interests, etc.. You would like to use this variety of resumes if you wish to showcase your abilities and at the identical time show how you have gained these skills by assuming positions of greater responsibilities as time passes. Consider whether youve got a work history thats long and established or whether your work history consists of gaps. Functional resumes are extremely tricky and might or might not go nicely with the recruiters. There are three sorts of resumes. Functional resumes make it resemble the applicant is hoping to hide something from the recruiter. Functional and conventional resumes arent the only resume types to pick from.

Choosing the best course of study

Choosing the best course of study Choosing the best course of studyPosted August 22, 2013, by Jo Messer Deciding what to study is a confusing process. Which course is best, how should you study it, and which education provider should you go with? Just as you wouldnt buy a house without inspecting it first, the same thing goes for selecting a course you need to carefully analyse all the pros and cons before committing. There are many different course options and some courses are harder to get into than others. What you need to do is some thorough research. Below are some things to consider when making that big decision. Course content The same course may be taught very differently from one institution to another. Review course outlines and pay close attention to core subjects, electives, and whether or not theres a work placement component. Some course programs may offer you a lot mora scope to complete subjects in your area of interest and undertake practical experience. Accreditati on The last thing you want is to finish your course and find out its not accredited Its important to check that the course is accredited by relevant industry bodies and that on completion you will meet all registration requirements. Course reputation Just because an institution has a good name doesnt necessarily mean its the best place to study the particular course youre interested in. Talk to people in the industry to find out which courses are most highly regarded and which ones they would recommend. The Hobsons course ratings are a great resource for finding out how different institutions rate in different areas. zugnglich or on campus If your course is available angeschlossen, you need to think about what mode would suit your learning style and lifestyle best. Do you need flexibility in your schedule, do you live too far to commute, or do you do better learning in a classroom, face-to-face? If you choose to study on campus, you need to think about the time and costs associated with commuting, or the need for accommodation if you relocate. Industry connectedness The graduate job market is tough and its becoming more common for courses to offer students the opportunity to undertake professional experience placements during their degree. Some courses, like teaching and nursing, incorporate practical placements as part of their requirements. Other courses vary around options for professional placements. Find out if there are opportunities for work integrated learning as part of the course, and find out if theres a strong alumni program and leadership or mentoring programs. These opportunities will give you a competitive advantage when youre looking for a graduate job. Institution feel If youre planning to study on campus, make the effort to attend open days and faculty information sessions as they give you a chance to explore, talk to staff and get a feel for the campus. Each institution has its own unique flavour and you need to find a place where youll feel comfortable. Dont be afraid to ask other students about how they like their course or how they rate the quality of the teaching, campus facilities and student life. Student support services You may need to access support services during your studies or there might be times that you need to seek assistance so its important to know what support services are available. Ask about academic support, online resources, health services and career counselling services. Funding Once youve narrowed down your options, you need to make sure you can afford them. Find out if there are Commonwealth Supported Places available or government loan schemes such as HECS-HELP, FEE-HELP and VET FEE-HELP. Most institutions also offer scholarships and awards, so be sure to check out their websites to see whats on offer. Check out the full range of online courses available to you then pick and choose ResourcesMy first resumeCover letter for my first jobCareer Insider StoriesShelley Lask - Body Positive Heal th & FitnessInterested in becoming a?Human Resources OfficerGeneral ManagerBusiness ManagerAccountantOffice AdministratorPopular Career Searchestips for surviving university lifeuni tips and trickswell developed written and verbal communication skillstips for online learners11 top tips for effective time management CoursesBachelor of Social WorkEnquire Online Enquire OnlineCertificate III in Health AdministrationEnquire Online Enquire OnlineBachelor of Criminal JusticeEnquire Online Enquire OnlineCertificate III in Allied Health AssistanceEnquire Online Enquire OnlineJo MesserRelated ArticlesBrowse moreCharles Sturt University (CSU)International studentsBoKyung Kim - South Korean International student, Charles Sturt UniversityHave an open mind and accept the Australian culture and nature. Then you can enjoy the relaxed, friendly, natural lifestyle.Man on the moon astronaut careersFor many young kids, becoming an astronaut and flying through outer space is the ultimate job its right up there with other popular careers children aspire to, such as firefighter, super hero and princess.ArtsCareer counsellor10 majors you might not have considered for your arts degreeFrom criminology and sport studies to mathematics and music, we take a look at 10 majors from The University of Queensland you might not have considered for your arts degree.